CISPR TR 16-4-1 : 2.0

SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS - PART 4-1: UNCERTAINTIES, STATISTICS AND LIMIT MODELLING - UNCERTAINTIES IN STANDARDIZED EMC TESTS

International Electrotechnical Committee

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FOREWORD INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations    3.1 Terms and definitions    3.2 Abbreviations 4 Basic considerations on uncertainties in emission    measurements    4.1 Introductory remarks    4.2 Types of uncertainties in emission measurements        4.2.1 General        4.2.2 Purpose of uncertainty considerations        4.2.3 Categories of uncertainty sources        4.2.4 Summary of types of uncertainties        4.2.5 Influence quantities        4.2.6 The measurand and the intrinsic uncertainty    4.3 Relation between standards compliance uncertainty        and interference probability        4.3.1 General        4.3.2 The measurand and the associated limit        4.3.3 Process of determination and application of              uncertainties    4.4 Assessment of uncertainties in a standardised emission        measurement        4.4.1 The process of uncertainty estimation        4.4.2 Step 1: Definition of the purpose of the uncertainty              consideration        4.4.3 Step 2: Identifying the measurand, its uncertainty              sources and influence quantities        4.4.4 Step 3: Evaluate the standard uncertainty of each              relevant influence quantity        4.4.5 Step 4: Calculation of the combined and expanded              uncertainty    4.5 Verification of the uncertainty budget        4.5.1 Introductory remarks        4.5.2 Test laboratory comparison and the measurement              compatibility requirement        4.5.3 Interlaboratory comparison and statistical evaluation        4.5.4 Application of a 'calculable EUT'        4.5.5 Application of a 'reference EUT'    4.6 Reporting of the uncertainty        4.6.1 General        4.6.2 Reporting results of uncertainty assessments        4.6.3 Uncertainty statements in routine compliance              measurement results        4.6.4 Reporting of the expanded uncertainty    4.7 Application of uncertainties in the compliance criterion        4.7.1 Introductory remarks        4.7.2 Manufacturers' compliance criterion for compliance              measurements        4.7.3 Compliance criteria for mass-produced products             (80%/80% rule)        4.7.4 Compliance criteria for quality assurance tests using a              reference EUT        4.7.5 Application of uncertainties in re-testing 5 Basic considerations on uncertainties in immunity testing 6 Voltage measurements    6.1 Introductory remarks    6.2 Voltage measurements (general)        6.2.1 Introductory remarks        6.2.2 Voltage measurements basics        6.2.3 The disturbance source and types of voltage    6.3 Voltage measurements using a voltage probe    6.4 Voltage measurement using a V-terminal artificial mains        network        6.4.1 Introductory remarks        6.4.2 Basic circuit diagram of the voltage measurement        6.4.3 Voltage measurement and standards compliance              uncertainty        6.4.4 Combined uncertainty        6.4.5 The compliance criterion        6.4.6 Influence quantities 7 Absorbing clamp measurements    7.1 General        7.1.1 Objective        7.1.2 Introductory remarks    7.2 Uncertainties related to the calibration of the absorbing        clamp        7.2.1 General        7.2.2 The measurand        7.2.3 Uncertainty sources        7.2.4 Influence quantities        7.2.5 Application of the uncertainty budget        7.2.6 Typical examples of an uncertainty budget        7.2.7 Verification of the uncertainty budget    7.3 Uncertainties related to the absorbing clamp        measurement method        7.3.1 General        7.3.2 The measurand        7.3.3 Uncertainty sources        7.3.4 Influence quantities        7.3.5 Application of the uncertainty budget        7.3.6 Typical examples of the uncertainty budget        7.3.7 Verification of the uncertainty budget 8 Radiated emission measurements using a SAC or an OATS    in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz    8.1 General        8.1.1 Objective        8.1.2 Introductory remarks    8.2 Uncertainties related to the SAC/OATS radiated emission        measurement method        8.2.1 General        8.2.2 The measurand        8.2.3 Uncertainty sources        8.2.4 Influence quantities        8.2.5 Application of the uncertainty estimate        8.2.6 Typical examples of the uncertainty estimate        8.2.7 Verification of the uncertainty estimate 9 Conducted immunity measurements 10 Radiated immunity measurements Annex A (informative) Compliance uncertainty and         interference probability Annex B (informative) Numerical example of the         consequences of Faraday's law Annex C (informative) Possible amendments to CISPR         publications with regards to voltage measurements Annex D (informative) Analysis method of results of an         interlaboratory test Annex E (informative) Uncertainty budgets for the clamp         calibration methods Annex F (informative) Uncertainty budget for the clamp         measurement method Annex G (informative) Uncertainty estimates for the radiated         emission measurement methods Annex H (informative) Results of various round robin tests         for SAC/OATS-based radiated emission measurements Annex I (informative) Additional information about         distinctions between the terms measurement         uncertainty and standards compliance uncertainty Bibliography

Abstract

Provides guidance on the treatment of uncertainties to those who are involved in the development or modification of CISPR electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards.